LAW 180 investigations and voluntary and mandatory medical treatment of May 13, 1978, better known as Law Basaglia (from its promoter in the field of psychiatry, Franco Basaglia ) Is a popular and important framework law that imposed the closure of the asylums and settlement mandatory medical treatment , setting up the public mental health services. Subsequently merged with the law in law 833/78 of December 23, 1978, which instituted the National Health Service .
The law was a real cultural revolution and medical assistance, based on new (and more "human") psychiatric concepts, promoted and tested in Italy by Franco Basaglia .
Before that the mental were little more than places of physical restraint, which is applied each method of restraint and heavy drug and invasive treatments, or electroconvulsive therapy (which is sometimes still used).
The intentions of the Act 180 was to reduce drug therapies and physical containment, building relationships with staff and renewed human society, fully recognizing the rights and the need for a quality life of patients followed and treated by clinics territorial.
Law 180 demandò implementation to the Regions, which legislate in a heterogeneous, producing results diversified in the area. In 1978 only 55% of the Italian provinces there was a public psychiatric hospital, while the rest of the country we made use of private hospitals (18%) or structures of other provinces (27%).
Indeed, only after 1994, with the Project Objective and the rationalization of mental health care system to be activated at the national level, was completed the actual closing of mental hospitals in Italy.
Despite criticisms and proposals for revising the Act 180 is still under the law governing mental health care in Italy.
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